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APS Mantaray Dive Fins Advanced-Aqua Propulsion System Dual Directional Water Channeling
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Born in 1957 in San Diego, CA
Since then, the fin has gone through an evolutionary
process of perfecting the design by making it lighter,
faster, more responsive, and with minimal effort. The
challenge was to put all this into a lightweight compact
fin design. Since then the dual-directional water
channeling system has proven to stabilize the fin
blade making a shorter fin more efficient by properly
channeling the water over the blade surface and
focusing the thrust.
Designed, invented, and patented the dual
directional water channeling system dive fin,
known as the APS Mantaray Dive Fins, and the
Universal dive fin strap.
I have always been fascinated with the ocean
both on the surface and below, and with the
people around the world who make underwater
exploration possible. I am also an avid aquatic
sports person. I started free diving and
bodysurfing in the early 1970s. Throughout my
years of bodysurfing, I have bodysurfed the
Wedge in Newport Beach, California, Pipeline
in Hawaii, Puerto Escondido – also known as
the Mexican Pipeline, and Boomer in La Jolla,
California. I free dove along the La Jolla and
Point Loma coastline, Florida, Hawaii, and
Northern California.
I did my first tank dive with
some friends in the 1970s with
no formal training, I quickly
realized that diving can be very
fun and exhilarating but is not
a sport to be taken lightly. With
the proper training, diving can
be very enjoyable.
While, looking for a way to
enhance my swimming, I
started working on a new fin
design. The goal I had in mind
was to design a fin that would
give me more power, greater
agility, and comfort and allow
me to spend hours in the
water without getting fatigued.
I started to research and study
earlier fin testing and research done
by Glen Egstrom, professor of
Kinesiology at UCLA, Donna
Nawrocki who used the largest
number of test subjects in 1979,
Mekjavic who also did testing in
1986, and later research done by
David Pendergast, Marcy Teesco,
Donna Nawrocki and Nadine Fisher
of the Center for Research in
Special Environments, Department
of Physiology, School of Medicine
and Biomedial Sciences at the State
University of New York at Buffalo
and partially funded by the United
States Navy, Office of Navel
Research.

The patented dual-directional water channeling system has received numerous awards such
as the Testers’ Choice Award from Scuba Diving Magazine, write-ups in Popular Science
Magazine, Asian Diver Magazine, Dive Trainer Magazine, Sports Diver Magazine, and Dive
Newswire, etc. It was chosen to be exhibited at the Inventors’ Expo sponsored by the U.S.
Patent Office at Disney World’s Epcot Center on two separate occasions. Also, it has
received numerous testimonial letters from divers of all types and varying backgrounds.
Gathering information from these earlier fin studies on
blade surface area, flexibility, vented versus
non-vented fin designs, etc., I started to create my first
prototypes and began testing them in the early 1990s.
I filed my first patent in 1993. I then passed the fins
around to different divers of varying backgrounds,
ages, and gender, as well as to swimmers. This
ranged from Navy Seals, Lifeguards, Coast Guard
Rescue swimmers, as well as beginners, avid divers
and instructors.